In the Monterey Bay region, have you ever noticed big clusters of cactus with bright pink fruit blooming haphazardly next to agricultural fields? These are nopal cactus, which are indigenous to Mexico and were introduced by farm laborers from their original country. Thanks to a few innovative local food and drink producers who take on the difficult task of spine removal and transform the paddles and the sweet fruit into brilliant products, this prickly succulent, with uses ranging from a hangover remedy to a blood sugar regulator, is finally receiving some recognition.
The Opuntia cacti, also known as nopales in Spanish, are the fleshy cactus pads that produce the prickly pears and sweet-tart magenta fruit known in Spanish as tuna. The majority of the 115 native nopales species to Mexico are edible. The two most popular varieties are Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia joconostle.
In Central Mexico, the nopal cactus is widely available and used in both traditional medicine and Mexican cuisine. The majority of the nopal farmed in Mexico, however, is fed to animals. Communities in Mexico can afford to stay on their land thanks to the employment, food, and revenue provided by nopal farming.
Latin Americans have eaten nopal for hundreds of years, and it is so prized that a prickly pear cactus is included on the Mexican flag.
For both people and animals in arid areas, the juice from the fruit and the liquid inside the paddles serve as a source of hydration. Prickly pears were used by Native Americans to prepare colonche, a fermented alcoholic beverage, and rarer species of the cactus contain trace levels of the psychoactive compound mescaline.
According to Tabitha Stroup, proprietor of Friend in Cheeses Jam Co. in Soquel, the nopal cactus was mostly planted in the United States by rogue propagators who were fortunate to have known the best variety to plant. The best prickly pears are the hot pink Mexican varieties, which have rich tannic acids and a tart-sweet, vibrant flavor. A Spanish yellow variation is also available locally, although it grows slower than the magenta fruiting cactus because it prefers volcanic, ashy soils. In her Prickly Purple Heart Jam, Stroup employs Mexican fruits; a portion of the sales earnings go to the Jacob’s Heart Foundation. Stroup is an expert on the nopal cactus and how to handle its savage spines in both the pads and the fruit. She advises putting on gloves that reach your elbows while utilizing the fruit to make juices or marmalades.
Put the ripe prickly pear fruit through a juicer whole, without removing the spines, and then strain it because the seeds are also problematic because they are so hard that they could break a tooth if they ended up in the final result.
D’Arrigo Brothers, a major regional producer of prickly pears with headquarters in Salinas, markets its products under the Andy Boy brand. To help customers forget the spines, which are removed with a special machine and leave no trace of them on the fruit, the D’Arrigo fruits are marketed as “cactus pears.” Sicily, where 10,000 acres of prickly pears are produced, is where the founders of D’Arrigo Brothers originate from.
In the spring through summer, when the nopal cactus pads have fragile, fresh growth, they are consumed. Fruit is picked from summer through fall. Wear heavy gloves when harvesting, and handle the cactus fruit or pads with tongs. Pick fresh, delicate, light green, 5- to 6-inch-long pads that are these characteristics. Cactus fruit needs to be harvested when it is fully mature and readily breaks off. Otherwise, the desired tart-sweet flavor won’t be there.
Expert nopales aficionados start with the edges of the nopales and cut off the skin and spines with a sharp knife. If you’re a beginner, stick to using a paring or butter knife to scale the spines off like you would a fish. If you want to remove the skin as well, just use a good potato peeler. Dr. Manfred Warmuth, a professor of computer science at UCSC and a member of the California Rare Fruit Growers, grows roughly 20 different species of rare fruit at his Santa Cruz home. One of his go-to tools is the edge of a metal measuring cup.
There are various varieties of magenta cactus fruit, with flavor profiles ranging from extremely acidic to custardy sweet or bitter. The common magenta cactus fruit has a sour raspberry-bubble gum-watermelon flavor. These intriguing types include the thorn-free, kiwi-like roja pelona, the crisp, juicy cristalina (also known as zarca), which tastes much like a ripe white peach, and the naranjona, which combines spicy overtones with a honey sweetness.
In the summer, producers in Gonzales and Los Banos provide Vicente Quintana of El Nopalito Produce with nopales, while the rest of the year, nopales are imported from Mexico. Quintana makes three different sizes of de-thorned paddles that are ready to eat and are packaged in 1-pound sacks at the El Pajaro Kitchen Incubator in Watsonville.
Some Latino grocers, such as the El Pueblo Market, Hernandez Markets, and Chavez Supermarket chains, carry his pre-prepared nopales. Cesario Ruiz, the proprietor of the My Mom’s Mole brand, a coworker of Quintana’s in the Pajaro restaurant, also receives supplies from him. Nopales and kale are the main ingredients in Ruiz’s superfood salad, which is selling like hotcakes at Staff of Life, Westside New Leaf, and Corralitos Meat Market in Santa Cruz. (Recipe on page 19) According to Ruiz, the salad’s freshness balances the thick, spicy mole.
Nopales are used by Mohammed Tabib in a relish that he claims is easy to make and tasty to serve on top of fish or chicken at The Fish Hopper restaurant on Cannery Row. He sprays the full pads with olive oil, roasts them, together with red and yellow bell peppers and ears of corn, until they have grill marks. Diced grilled vegetables are combined with corn, additional olive oil, lime juice, salt, and pepper in a salad.
A 15-barrel batch of prickly pear hard cider is produced each summer by Hallcrest Vineyards in Felton using organic prickly pear fruit from Prevedelli Farms near Corralitos. Before fermenting, owner John Schumacher slices the fruit and adds it along with just the right amount of Thai chili peppers, apple juice, and sugar. In addition to having his Prickly Pear hard cider on tap at neighborhood brewers, Schumacher is also thinking about bottling it for sale this autumn, so keep a watch out for it in specialty brew stores.
Prickly pear cider has also been brewed by Nicole Todd’s Santa Cruz Cider Co.; the tart beverage is typically served at the yearly Twisted Tasting celebration in Santa Cruz.
Cutting a mature plant’s current cactus pad allows for simple nopale propagation. Use a mature pad that is at least six months old, and make sure you cut it with a sharp, clean knife. Keep the cut in a well-ventilated area for about two weeks, or until a solid callus forms where you cut it. Once the pad is planted, it could decay if the wound has not fully healed over. Garden soil and coarse sand should be mixed in equal amounts and placed in a planting container with suitable drain holes. Use a stick or rock to hold the pad upright as the roots develop in the soil, upright and about 1 inch deep. Wait about a month before adding water. Up until its roots take hold, the succulent pad will be able to survive. Alternatively, you can just plant a cutting in the ground in the spring or summer when the ground is dry and remember to water it after about a month. Like weeds, cacti can survive on the rain that Mother Nature supplies and grow in the harshest environments with minimal care.
However, they grow better the more water they receive. Use a high-nitrogen fertilizer to enhance the nopal pads. However, if you want pears and flowers, up the potassium. Nopales thrive in direct sunlight and are frequently planted around the edges of buildings to form a thorny fence. They can also aid in reducing hillside erosion
Fruit and nopali pads are rich in fiber, important phytonutrients, and antioxidants while being low in calories. Their syrupy fluids contain polysaccharides that improve digestion, lower blood sugar and LDL cholesterol, and lower blood pressure. They also strengthen the immune system, offer anti-inflammatory effects, and are a great source of magnesium, a mineral that many people lack. Additionally, the pads have a modest quantity of vitamin A, which guards against lung and skin cancer. The pink fruit has long been used as a headache and hangover cure because it has exceptional vitamin C levels.
My Mom’s Mole’s Ruiz claims that his father prepares a shake with nopal paddles every morning to help control his blood sugar; he does not feel as good when he skips it.
The following recipes call for fresh, velvety prickly pears:
- For the salad dressing, combine the prickly pear juice with the shallots, sherry vinegar, and olive oil.
- Fruit tarts: peel, slice into tiny pieces, then sprinkle with sugar and lime juice.
- For salads, try slicing into small pieces and mixing with chopped cilantro, pepitas, and shredded chicken.
- Drinks to stay hydrated: for children, combine prickly pear juice with some bubbly water; for adults, combine ice, lime juice, and vodka.
Nopal cactus pads taste lemony and, like okra, are filled with a little slimy juice. Try brining skinned chunks in salt water (1 cup of salt to 1 gallon of water) to lessen this. This will help remove some of the meat’s sticky substance. Or just boil them for 3 minutes in salted water, turn off the heat, let them steep for a further 3 minutes, drain them, and then let them cool.
Here are some tips for getting ready:
- For a great breakfast burrito, fry them with onions, garlic, and duck or bacon fat before scrambling in eggs.
- Use apple cider vinegar to quickly make a pickle, then put it in the fridge.
- Roast in the oven or on the grill after being salted and olive oil-coated. If desired, score the skin with a knife before cutting the paddle into strips that are still together at the base to form a fan. (This will assist in cooking out the sticky juices.)
- Add chopped nopales to tacos, salads, or stews after they have been roasted or boiled, as preferred.
Attend the 6th annual Festival del Nopal in Santa Cruz on Sunday, July 24, in the downtown farmers’ market parking lot if you’re unfamiliar with nopales and want to immerse yourself in their culture. The money raised will support regional charities and youth scholarships. There will be culinary competitions, ethnic music, and a variety of nopales and prickly pear delicacies to sample.
The less common prickly pear fruit will be sampled, and I hope to find some cuttings to grow on my property.
Since 2001, Jamie Collins, the proprietor of Serendipity Farms, has been cultivating organic row crops near the mouth of Carmel Valley. She sells her food through farmers’ markets, U-pick sites, and CSAs.
What kind of plant are nopales?
Native to Mexico and the southwestern United States, the nopal cactus is also referred to as the prickly pear cactus. When the plant is young, the flat cactus pads can be eaten. The cactus becomes too difficult to consume as it ages. In some parts of Mexico, the nopal cactus is frequently used as a food ingredient.
The nopal cactus can be used in a variety of ways, such as in jellies, candies, and as a tool to help plaster harden. Due to the numerous health advantages of this cactus, there are a variety of therapeutic uses as well.
Are nopal and prickly pears the same plant?
The prickly pear cactus, often referred to as nopal, opuntia, and other names, is marketed as a remedy for hangovers, high cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity. It is also praised for having anti-inflammatory and antiviral qualities.
Succulents or not?
Robert Morris, a co-founder of Slow Food Las Vegas and a former Emeritus Professor at the University of Nevada, wrote the article.
Consider matching cactus with limes and paprika if you were to serve it with other cuisine. Opuntia ficus-indica, the prickly pear or nopal cactus, is indigenous to Mexico, where it is used in a dish called nopalitos. Since this plant receives much more attention there as a food than it does where it is native, the inland deserts of Central Mexico, you would believe that this cactus is native to Italy, contrary to conventional literature.
But for generations, Mexicans have savored this cuisine in a variety of prepared versions. I like to refer to the plant’s edible parts as tunas (fruit), nopales (immature entire cactus pads for eating), and nopalitos in homage to its native Mexico (cactus pads that have been prepared for eating or cooking).
The University Orchard at the Center for Urban Horticulture and Water Conservation in North Las Vegas, Nevada, is where I planted nopal cactus plots in 2003. The University of Sonora-Hermosillo, Mexico (USON), faculty, and some of my close friends gave us cactus pads from their farm just outside of Hermosillo and instructed us on how to plant and oversee their growth.
Nopales resemble prickly pears.
Nopal is a common name in Spanish for both the Opuntia cactus (often known in English as prickly pear) and its pads. Nopal is derived from the Nahuatl word nohpalli[nopali] for the plant’s pads.
There are 114 species that have been identified in Mexico,[1] where it is a prevalent element in many recipes that are part of the cuisine. The nopal pads can be consumed raw or cooked, added to soups, stews, salads, marmalades, traditional medicines, or used as animal feed. Although the pads of nearly all Opuntia species are edible, nopales grown for food are most frequently of the species Opuntia ficus-indica or Opuntia matudae. The fruit, also known as the “prickly pear” in English and the “tuna” in Spanish, is the other portion of the nopal cactus that can be eaten.
In Mexico, nopales are typically sold fresh, free of thorns, and cut to the customer’s specifications right away. They can also be obtained as nopalitos in cans or bottles, and less frequently dried, particularly for export. Nopales have a crisp, mucilaginous texture and a mild, slightly acidic flavor akin to green beans when cut into slices or diced into cubes. Most recipes call for cooking with the mucilaginous liquid they contain. In the spring, they are at their most supple and luscious. [2]
In Mexican food, nopales are most frequently used in meals like huevos with nopales (“eggs with nopales”), carne con nopales (“meat with nopales”), tacos de nopales (“nopal tacos”), salads with tomato, onion, and queso panela (“panela cheese”), or just by themselves as a side vegetable. Nopales have developed into a crucial component of Tejano culture in Texas as well as New Mexican cuisine[3].
How is a nopal cactus grown?
According to UC Cooperative Extension farm advisor Richard Molinar, nopales are simple to cultivate and grow in most areas of California. They may add interest to any landscape and, when harvested, provide many dishes a flavor reminiscent of green beans.
In the speciality crops demonstration field at the UC Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Molinar has grown a sample of spineless and spined cactus plant kinds. He claimed that as the earth warms and the risk of freezing passes in late winter, this is the best time to prepare for planting nopales.
Nopales can be grown from seed, however the development is slow. Pads allow for easier and quicker propagation. Cut a pad that is at least six months old from a cactus that is growing; these can be found in nurseries or in the yards of friends or neighbors. Sit the pad upright while a callus grows. In warm weather, this process takes a week or two; in humid conditions, it takes longer.
Set the pad down when planting it upright and about an inch deep in a mixture of soil and sand or coarse pumice. Too much burying of the pad will promote decay. To keep the pad upright, secure it with pebbles. To avoid sunburn in locations with harsh summer sun, position the pad so that the broad side faces east and west and the small side faces north and south. Irrigate not. Roots can emerge when there is enough moisture in the pad, and too much moisture can lead to decay. Irrigate once roots have developed (in about a month) and let the soil totally dry in between irrigations. Before starting to harvest, wait a few months.
In Molinar’s field, nopal pads fell to the ground, took root, and started growing entirely on their own, demonstrating how simple nopal propagation is.
Use a high-nitrogen fertilizer to feed the nopales. Well-maintained plants can be harvested up to six times per year in warm regions, and mature plants can produce 20 to 40 half-pound pads for each harvest. Carefully cut the pads away from the supporting pads to remove them. Mid-morning to mid-afternoon is the optimal time of day to collect the pads because the acid level is at its lowest during this period.
At the Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, there are nopales that have spines and those that don’t.
Cochineal scale is a significant pest of nopales. According to Molinar, numerous different species of spineless cacti failed at Kearney because of cochnieal. The nopales with spines appeared to be more pest-resistant.
The genetic composition of an individual rather than the spines themselves is what determines resistance, according to Molinar. “It was pretty clear. There were a few spineless varieties we had, but they weren’t attacked either.”
Cochineal scale has long been prized in Central America as a source of crimson dye. Cochineal scale was Mexico’s second-highest valued export during the colonial era, behind silver; but, as synthetic colors emerged, demand fell.
Fresh pads should be firm, brilliant green, and full of water. The tiny, young pads are the most succulent, delicate in flavor, and have the fewest spines. They can be harvested from the garden or bought at ethnic grocery stores and farmers markets.
Holding the pad’s base, scape both sides to remove the spines with a blunt knife. The pads should be peeled and then cut into cubes or shoestring-length strips. They can be consumed raw in salads, cooked with seafood, pork, chiles, tomatoes, eggs, coriander, garlic, and onions, or boiled and fried like eggplant. They can also be pickled with various spices.