Cold fronts occasionally pass through, dropping temperatures toward freezing, even in regions with moderate winters. Most African succulent plants are vulnerable to cold. For instance, the University of Florida IFAS Extension notes that aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) grows in USDA zones 9 through 11 while jade plant (Crassula argentea) grows in the frost-free regions of USDA zones 10 and 11. First to be harmed are delicate new growth or the thinnest plant portions, which typically seem fragile and discolored.
Even if your succulents freeze, all is not lost. If you suspect your succulent has frozen, Gardening Know How advises waiting a few weeks before evaluating and treating frost damage. The frozen plant should be recoverable if there is any fresh growth. Use a sharp knife dipped in rubbing alcohol to chop away the damaged areas of the plant, eliminating any tissue that appears squishy or has brown in it. This will help the plant to recover. Between cuts, clean the knife. Place container plants out of the direct light in a dry location. Resuming routine plant care after the wounds have healed
Can succulents recover after a freeze?
Can a frozen plant still be saved? This truly depends on the kind of plant and how long it was exposed to the cold. On all save the most tropical plants, light freezes are typically something that a plant can recover from.
Remove damaged plant material from woody plants in the spring. In the late winter, you can detect which stems are dead by scratching the bark. The tissue is still alive if the substance is green below. They will lose their leaves as a result of the freezing, but they normally re-leaf in the spring. After all threat of frost has passed, maintain the plants’ moisture and apply a mild fertilizer.
More delicate plants won’t be able to endure the freezing damage and will turn into annuals. Perennial plants that have been frozen-damaged may only have little root damage, in which case you can divide the plant and replant the pieces. The ones that recovered from the root area’s cold did not deal a fatal blow.
Can succulents withstand being frozen?
“Frost tender” succulents may experience variable degrees of damage, depending on how long the temperature is below freezing (32 degrees F). A sensitive plant’s cells expand, burst, and transform its leaves to mush when liquid inside them freezes. In a “light frost,” only the tips of the leaves may be harmed (“frost burn”). A “hard frost” is characterized by sustained temperatures below freezing, which can cause entire plants to die. Typically, succulents do not recover from roots.
Ones that are among the most fragile succulents include crassulas, aeoniums, euphorbias, and kalanchoes. Some succulents, in particular, have an inbuilt antifreeze that allows them to endure temperatures considerably below 32 degrees Fahrenheit—in fact, below zero.
Are your outdoor succulents at risk over the winter? Depending on where you reside, Please refer to “Cold Weather Care for Outdoor Succulents, By Region.”
Your area is frost-free (lucky you!) if…
This soft-leaved agave in my garden is the canary in the mineshaft when it comes to cold. Many succulents may survive a brief cold (less than an hour), but Agave attenuata’s leaf tips immediately reveal damage.
Although ugly, this damage rarely results in death. See how each leaf’s healthy green portion is? Cut each leaf to a point using scissors to remove the tissue-paper-like frozen tips. The harm won’t be very evident when you’re finished. Those shorter, clipped leaves will be buried by new growth during the summer. (Note: Such damage is comparable to scorching brought on by excessive sun and heat, which is common of desert conditions, and by wildfire, which, believe it or not, does occur.)
What about a succulent or agave that only suffers damage from frost on the tips of its leaves? Don’t even try trimming them. In a few months, it will shed those oldest leaves nevertheless.
areas with sporadic, light frosts (like Southern California’s interior):
If there is a “frost advisory” for your area, keep an eye on the weather forecast, and before it gets dark, go outdoors and cover your sensitive succulents. After midnight, frost is more common, and temperatures increase colder as dawn approaches. Warm air is lighter than cold air, which travels down hills and gathers in low areas. Succulents in swales are therefore more vulnerable than those on top of berms. You may have heard that Christmas lights slightly increase the temperature. Yes, if they are the traditional variety. LEDs in current use don’t produce heat. You should be concerned about succulents that are exposed to the elements and have nothing over them. I occasionally lean over a succulent and look up. It becomes draped if there aren’t any tree limbs or eaves directly above.
I reside at 1,500 feet in the foothills NE of San Diego (Zone 9b). And yes, after seeing the weather forecast on the late-night news, I have been outside at 11 p.m. in my pajamas and slippers, freezing while I place blankets on delicate plants while my husband holds a flashlight. I may leave the plants covered if several nights of frost are expected; otherwise, I take the sheets off the next morning. I fasten them with clothes pins and rocks to make sure they won’t blow off. AVOID using plastic. The plants are unable to breathe because of it.
In my yard, jades and other delicate succulents are covered in frost cloth. WATCH THE VIDEO
Why cold damages some succulents and not others
The origin of a certain plant type affects it greatly. Most succulents are native to dry, hot areas where they can store water in their leaves to survive drought. The ones that don’t freeze, however, are from dry, cold climates. See my essay, Showy Succulents for Snowy Climates, in the Wall Street Journal. The “hardies” include:
several species and cultivars of sempervivums (hens-and-chicks, above); some cactus, yuccas, and agaves (such as Agave utahensis, A. montana, and A. parryi); and lewisias from the Pacific Northwest.
What does frostbite on succulents look like?
Frostbite causes the succulent leaves to look wilted and crunchy, which shows that your succulents are deteriorating over time. Can a frozen succulent be revived?
Can you thaw out a frozen plant?
You can perform a few crucial things to help resuscitate your frozen plants if they appear to be dead. Start by continuing to water your frozen plants. Any plant needs water to stay healthy all year long. You might also try giving the plant an enhancer. This can occasionally deceive the plant into growing again.
Recall to wait. To see what happens, give your plants at least another two weeks. When necessary, keep covering them, and take the usual precautions to ensure their survival.
Can cold shock be reversed in plants?
Do not become alarmed if it appears that the cold weather has hurt your plants. As soon as you can, relocate the plant into a warmer location. Bring indoor houseplants and potted plants, or start winterizing right away. Simply give the plant warmth and leave it alone. It will soon cease shivering and recuperate, much like a person. Plants are fairly robust, despite the fact that the damage to the leaves is permanent. The leaves will perish and fall off if they are significantly injured. They should be replaced with fresh leaves. Full recovery could take weeks or months, although most plants quickly recover when given warmth, appropriate light, and water.
How can a succulent be revived?
Yes, I am aware that it seems illogical to remove extra water from the soil, but bear with me. This is the justification. Too much water has already put the succulent under stress, and exposure to sunlight makes matters worse. Direct sunlight is a big no because most succulents require brilliant indirect light.
Place the succulent that has been overwatered somewhere dry and bright, but out of direct sunshine.
2. Permit the roots to breathe.
Cut off any brown or black roots as they are already rotting. Dig the succulent out of the ground and remove any excess soil that has become stuck to the roots. Place the plant on a mesh or other strainer until the roots have had two to three days to air dry. Replant the roots in the pot once they have dried completely.
Remove the entire root system and any puckered, spotty, black, or brown stems if the roots are entirely rotted. The succulent stem can be buried in the ground for propagation.
Keep the overwatered succulent on a mesh screen or other strainer until the roots have had two to three days to air dry.
3. Modify the ground
You might not need to entirely alter your succulent if it is already rooted in homemade or commercial succulent soil. Algae (green living matter) typically grows on soil that is too wet. If so, it is your responsibility to remove all of the top soil from the area around your plants and replace it with new succulent soil.
They’re reaching for the light source.
I had to completely prune back my succulents for a number of reasons, including #1 and the pack rats eating them as appetizers. This pot is situated in a corner directly next to my front entrance. I rotate it every two to three months, but it won’t fit in the area if the planting becomes too leggy and the stems grow too long. The light isn’t excessively low; rather, it’s only that it isn’t uniformly illuminating the plants.
The light they’re growing in is too low.
A tiny portion of my Santa Barbara front garden. Every year or two, I had to trim back the graptoveria, narrow leaf chalk sticks, and lavender scallops because they were encroaching on the sidewalk. Yes, a rosemary plant in blossom is the huge shrub in the background.
After two or three years of growth, the paddle plant patch under my Giant Bird of Paradise in Santa Barbara needed to be trimmed down. Along with many other fleshy succulents, kalanchoes frequently have lengthy stems.
The leaves on a succulent stalk won’t regrow once they become naked. It must be pruned back so that it can either be rejuvenated from the base or propagated by stem cuttings (the piece of stem & roots still in the soil).
Here’s what you do with those towering, stretched-out succulent stems, whether your succulents are growing in the ground or in a pot.
When Should You Cut Back Your Succulents?
Summer and spring are ideal. Early fall is also OK if you live in a temperate region like I do. Before the cooler weather arrives, you should give your succulents a couple of months to establish themselves and take root.
What does succulent cold damage resemble?
Most succulents commonly suffer frost damage in really cold weather. It often happens when ice crystals build inside of their tissue, harming their cells. When that occurs, you’ll start to see some signs of frost damage, like drooping leaves on your succulents, which will eventually turn brown or black and get crispy. In other words, your succulent plants are currently slowly dying.
There is still hope, nevertheless, if there are some remaining healthy leaves or even viable leaf fragments with frozen tips.
Treatment
Don’t prune immediately. Wait till it warms up outside or until the plant starts to produce new leaves. Once it is certain that there is new growth at the root, use clean, sharp scissors to carefully remove the afflicted areas. Using clean scissors will help stop bacteria from further hurting your plants.
Refuse to water. Plants that have just been pruned shouldn’t be watered right away. Your fragile succulents may experience shock if you water them too soon. Before watering the cuttings, wait until they are entirely calloused over. When they do, water your plant thoroughly once every two weeks.
- Avoid areas that receive direct sunlight. It should be sufficient to just set your succulents on a sunny windowsill. Depending on your climate zone, direct sunlight might still harm or burn you even though it is weaker in the winter. Your plants will be able to cure themselves with just a little bit of partial or filtered sunshine.
- Wait tolerantly. Usually, a few weeks after the plant has been trimmed, part of the leaves will die and drop off. Do not panic if you see the leaves beginning to wilt. Your succulent will eventually heal as new leaves begin to emerge from the center.
Precautionary measures
- Prevent pruning in the early or late fall. Pruning encourages the formation of new growths, such as leaves or offshoots, hence avoiding it helps prevent this. They would struggle to survive in the intense cold, so your succulent would have to work harder to attempt to develop as they were working to heal.
- Water the ground well. As wet soil maintains heat better than dry soil, doing this will assist warm the air close to the soil and save your plant’s roots.
- To protect them, cover them. To protect any delicate plants, you can simply wrap them in blankets or another warm material. Just remember to uncover them the following day when the temperature rises, as leaving them covered could lead them to wilt.
- Place a grow light near your succulents. A average grow light will be between 35 and 40 watts, which should be adequate to keep your plants healthy during the winter.
- Use a spray anti-perspirant. These sprays aid in preventing moisture loss in plants. The anti-transpirants offer a clear, flexible protective layer to stop moisture loss during winter’s typically crisp, dry winds. It won’t obstruct the osmosis, photosynthesis, or organic growth of your succulent. To keep moisture in the foliage of delicate plants, apply it there.
- If your plants must stay outside, group them in containers that are close to one another and place them in a protected spot that is easy to access, like your patio, so you can take care of them and keep them alive and healthy.
How cold must it get for succulents to freeze?
For succulent plants, temperatures between 30 and 40 degrees Fahrenheit present some serious concerns. Plans for succulents are in danger at 40 degrees Fahrenheit since it is the moment at which they will start to change color, and when they go close to freezing, they will start to develop frost and rot. Soft succulents cannot tolerate cold; at 40 degrees Fahrenheit, the leaves and other elements of the plant will become covered with frost.
Risk at Temperatures Between 30- and 40-Degrees Fahrenheit
In colder than 40° Fahrenheit temperatures, succulents are susceptible to freezing. Once the temperature drops to 40 degrees Fahrenheit or less, your succulent plant will start to change colors. At that time, the plants will start to approach their freezing point and start to die if you don’t shift them into a warmer environment.
Your succulent plant will start to freeze if it is exposed to temperatures below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. When your succulent reaches 40 degrees Fahrenheit, there is only a brief window of time before it freezes. Before it gets to 40 degrees Fahrenheit, succulents, especially soft succulent varieties, should be taken inside.
Succulents will exhibit some noticeable color changes as they approach their freezing point if they are not placed in temperature-controlled conditions at 40 degrees. Up until ice crystals begin to form on the plant’s leaves and other parts, the colors will deepen and become more vivid. The amount of frost that forms on the leaves and soil of the succulent plant increases the longer it is exposed to colder temperatures. Before it dies, the plant will start to exhibit rot symptoms and a black or brown discoloration.
Temperatures Below 32 Degrees Fahrenheit
Succulent plants can withstand temperatures as low as 32 degrees Fahrenheit. At this temperature, succulent plants cannot survive and start to freeze and wither away. To keep outdoor succulents alive over the winter, move them inside into pots or other potable containers.
Bring the plant into a warmer location right once if you notice little ice crystals starting to form on its leaves. It will be more difficult to resuscitate the plant after it is in a warmer environment if you don’t bring it inside once ice crystals start to develop on its leaves. The majority of succulents cannot resist frost; if they are, they will start to deteriorate and eventually perish. Succulents that can’t tolerate frost should be brought inside at night to prevent death.
Changes in Your Succulents at Extreme Temperatures
The most obvious alteration in succulents subjected to extreme temperatures, whether high or low, is a change in color. Succulents’ colors will start to deepen once the temperature reaches 40 degrees Fahrenheit, and they will start to look dull and wilt as the temperature approaches 32 degrees Fahrenheit, their freezing point.
Succulents can also change color by developing brown or black spots on their leaves or other plant components. Too-cold conditions cause plant cells to break, giving the appearance that they are rotting. You may have left your succulent at a temperature that is too low for it to remain healthy if the leaves or any other part of it starts to turn a dark brown or black hue.