Throughout the summer, the enormous flower heads of hydrangea bushes (Hydrangea spp.) can cover a landscape with eye-catching flashes of blue, pink, or white. Most hydrangea cultivars, which are hardy in USDA zones 4 to 9, can survive a moderate winter without particular care, but they benefit from careful watering, pruning, fertilizing, mulching, and weathering over the chilly season for their spring growth and beauty. Winter doesn’t cover their stems, and if they aren’t clipped, old flower heads will turn brown.
Tip
If not removed, the dried and blackened flower heads of hydrangeas will stay that way all winter long. In the fall, hydrangeas likewise lose their leaves, but the brown stalks hold upright unless they are cut back.
How do hydrangeas fare over the winter?
Winter winds and cold temperatures both have the potential to be fatal. This catch-all phrase simply denotes plant dying over the winter. The plant may perish due to the low winter temperatures or from drying out brought on by the winds.
Since hydrangeas become dormant in the winter, winter damage to hydrangeas can not become apparent until spring. If your hydrangea doesn’t produce any green shoots in March or April, it could be your first indication of harm.
Protecting the shrubs from winter’s wrath is necessary to avoid winter kill in hydrangeas, which includes the young buds on the plants. Laying down a heavy layer of mulch over hydrangeas’ root zone is a wonderful place to start with winterizing them. For this, straw works wonderfully.
Use a wire cage to enclose the shrub or construct a cage around it using sturdy posts and chicken wire for even better protection. Wrap the cage in burlap or insulating material. Additionally, you should give the plant a lot of water right before the ground freezes.
How can I tell if my hydrangea made it during the winter?
That mass of hydrangea sticks starts to produce new growth in the spring, either from the crown (or base) of the plant or from a cane. By about May, if you see no new growth at all, your plant may have suffered from “winter kill,” which was undoubtedly brought on by too-cold, freezing temperatures that were perhaps made worse by a drying wind.
The New York Botanical Garden’s Lorraine Ballato, a horticulture and educator, advises that you scratch some stems with your fingernail to be certain. A stem will show some green under the bark if it is alive. By the end of spring, if you can’t discover any living stems and no sprouts are emerging from the plant’s base, your hydrangea is dead. Remove the plant and try a more tolerant of the cold kind.
But keep in mind that the USDA hardiness zones measure a plant’s capacity for merely surviving, or whether its roots can endure the winter. According to Ballato’s essay for the National Garden Bureau, when it comes to hydrangeas, you also need to know if the stems can endure as many hydrangea kinds only bloom on wood that is a year old. What’s the sense of having a hydrangea if you can’t obtain blooms? To be sure, she advises asking a nearby nursery or extension office about the varieties of hydrangea that do well in your area.
I planted two hydrangeas in the fall, and as winter arrived they appear to have died. They have bare limbs and are brown-looking. What did I do wrong? I live in Zone 9.
Since the majority of hydrangeas are deciduous, it is common for plants to lose their leaves from late fall to early January. The buds should begin to swell and leaf out as soon as the springtime days begin to warm up.
It’s crucial to prune your hydrangeas as part of proper hydrangea care. Although you did not specify which variety of hydrangea you planted, the majority of the oak-leaf (H. quercifolia) and large-leaf (H. macrophylla) varieties bloom on growth produced the previous season. To avoid removing the growing flower buds for the following year, these kinds should be trimmed as soon as they have done blooming. Both H. arborescens and H. paniculata bloom on recent growth. They can be trimmed to the ground each year without causing any harm, and late winter or very early spring are the optimum times to prune them. I advise against pruning the bare, brown limbs this year. Decide whether the hydrangeas are flowering on the fresh wood from this year or the old wood from last year by carefully observing them. You can use this to decide when and how to prune them.
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Are hydrangeas winter-hardy?
Here is professional guidance on how to put hydrangeas to bed for the winter season from guest bloggers Megan Nichols and Jessie Jacobson of Tonkadale Greenhouse in Minnetonka, Minnesota. (They may have more hydrangea trees and shrubs in their zip code than almost anywhere else in the United States, so they are aware!)
The temperature has dropped, and autumnal symbols can be seen everywhere. The garden needs to be put to bed soon. Hydrangeas reward us with large, stunning, and prodigious blooms all season long. You may say that they are givers. It’s time to return the favor now. It’s time to tuck the hydrangeas in with kisses and wishes for sweaty dreams.
Here in Minnesota, our moods can fluctuate as drastically as the unpredictably harsh winter weather extremes, snowfall, and freeze/thaw cycles. Despite the fact that many hydrangeas are regarded as hardy, all of this can confuse them. To survive the winter and come back bigger and better the next year, they require some care. Although hydrangeas cultivated in warmer areas don’t need as much post-season primping as those grown in our zone, there isn’t a single thing that wouldn’t appreciate a little tender loving care right now.
Utilize these suggestions to get the most out of your hydrangeas so that you can be the one to present at this time next season!
(Is pruning in order? No and yes. Here is our recommendation for which hydrangeas should be pruned right away and which should wait until spring.)
Don’t Stop Watering
Make a commitment! I shall water my hydrangeas till the earth freezes solid, you declare while raising your right hand. really good Hydrangeas are thirsty plants by nature, so it’s essential to give them regular, deep watering. We don’t need to get all linguistically nerdy right now, but their name literally means “hydration.” Winter’s cool, dry winds completely drain the moisture from the vegetation, and hydrangeas don’t use lip balm. It need not be heated in order to be dry!
If a freeze is not a concern where you live, water deeply but sparingly during the winter depending on how much rain you get.
This is how: Making a small hole in the side of a 5-gallon bucket, filling it with water, and placing it at the base of the plant while it slowly drips out of the bucket is one method. Another option is to lay your hose at the base of the plant for about an hour with the water turned on to a gentle drip.
Give Them One Last Hearty Meal
Composting your hydrangea beds in the fall will give them a boost for the upcoming growing season. Everyone feels better after a full night’s sleep and a filling breakfast. This also applies to hydrangeas. After a lengthy winter’s hibernation, they will be ravenous for some nice compost. Compost can decompose during the winter if it is used now, making nutrients easily accessible in spring. A few inches of compost is advisable even in regions without a deep cold. Only compost is being discussed here! Don’t give your hydrangeas fertilizers that are high in nitrogen because this can encourage them to produce new foliage growth.
This is how: Before laying down mulch in colder climates, top dress the area with compost, well-aged manure, or other organic material after the ground has frozen. This organic fertilizer, which is rich in nutrients, will decompose over the winter, making nutrients available to the plant in the spring. Apply compost in the late fall or early winter in zones that are warmer.
Mulch Matters
Mulching helps keep moisture in and weeds out in warmer climates while shielding the crown and roots of your hydrangeas from harsh winter temperatures in colder climates. Snow serves as a natural insulator if everything goes as it should. Plants suffer during strange winters with little snowfall and extreme temperature changes. Apply a thick layer of mulch around the plant’s base to offer hydrangeas the best chance of flourishing. While decorative mulch is useful, straw, marsh hay, or dead leaves are suggested instead.
This is how: Apply a 6–8 layer of mulch once the ground has frozen (or late fall or early winter in zones with milder winters). This shields plants from the heave-ho of springtime freeze/thaw cycles, which can yank them out of the ground. Inviting mice to make this their snug winter home, causing rotting and illness, or tricking the plant into believing it’s time to bud, are all consequences of mulching too early. Be patient; you don’t have to do things early simply because your neighbors are.
Keep Them Cozy
The amount of winter cold determines whether or not hydrangeas require protection. Winter protection is not required in zone 7 if the air temperature stays above zero degrees. Wrap or totally cover barely hardy hydrangeas in chilly areas. This is crucial for plants that bloom on old wood, such hydrangeas with mop heads and large leaves (Hydrangea macrophylla). The most recent types of mop head/big leaf hydrangeas, however, bloom on both fresh and old wood, so it’s important to keep that in mind. In their favor and ours! Hardier hydrangea varieties like the paniculata and arborescens don’t often require additional winter care, although really low temperatures might cause its limbs to die back. Consider covering if a colder than usual winter is forecast.
This is how: Wrap plants loosely in a few layers of burlap, making sure to tie it off with strong twine. Making a mulch mountain and covering the majority of the plant is an additional choice. Smaller, newly planted specimens respond well to this technique.
There’s Still Time To Plant!
The first three varieties of hydrangeas can be grown here in Zone 4; oak leaf hydrangeas can also be grown in warmer climates (zones 5 to 9). The optimal time to plant shrubs is in the fall. Just make sure to do all of the aforementioned things, including watering and mulching.
Here are some of our favorites that you can plant now for stunning blooms the following spring.
Panicle Hydrangeas
These late blooming hydrangeas, sometimes known as PeeGee hydrangeas (summer into early fall). They are covered in elongated, conical flower heads that emerge white or green and blush into pinks and peaches as the season goes on.
How should I get my hydrangeas ready for the winter?
Protecting flower buds is the aim of winter hydrangea care. The simplest approach is to pile 12 inches or so of mulch made of chopped-up leaves or bark around the base of the plant. After the ground freezes in the late fall, set the mulch pile there. Plants can then be exposed in the spring, when the temperature starts to stay above freezing.
Why does my hydrangea seem to be dying?
Hydrangeas wilt and die when there is insufficient moisture around the roots owing to lack of watering or rainfall, rapid soil drainage, excessive sun exposure, or strong winds that dry out the leaves. Inadequate fertilizer can cause hydrangea flowers to droop.
The hydrangea’s leaves may also begin to curl and turn brown if they are extremely drought-stressed.
The native habitat of hydrangeas is woodlands, where they thrive in rich, moisture-retentive soils made of leaf mold, where they are shielded from direct sunlight and strong winds and receive regular rainfall.
Because of their shallow, fibrous roots and sensitivity to drought, hydrangeas need a steady supply of moisture at the roots to keep their leaves from looking wilted.
When it’s hot outside and there isn’t much rain, hydrangeas can wilt. They can also wilt after being planted because it takes time for the roots to become established enough to be able to absorb moisture.
The following are the primary environmental factors that cause hydrangeas to wilt and die:
- If hydrangeas are planted in sandy or stony soil that dries out too rapidly, plants will wilt. Soil that has been amended with organic matter is necessary for hydrangeas because it helps the roots retain moisture.
- inadequate rainfall or underwatering. If they are in the correct soil and out of the sun, established, mature hydrangeas frequently do not require watering, but smaller hydrangeas or transplanted hydrangeas should be thoroughly watered as often as necessary to maintain the soil’s moisture.
- Always water with a good soak to assist the roots to grow to a greater depth into the soil to find moisture as they establish. Watering too lightly causes the roots to grow shallow, which increases the hydrangeas’ susceptibility to drought.
- Since hydrangeas are not well adapted to growing in full sun, they often lose more moisture from their leaves than they can pull up via their roots, which leads to the leaves wilting, turning scorch-brown, and eventually dying.
- A lot of wind dries up the leaves before the roots can absorb moisture. Hydrangeas require a lot of moisture, and excessive wind can quickly dry the leaves, leading them to droop and the hydrangea to succumb to dryness.
- Excessive nitrogen fertilizer makes hydrangeas droop because it encourages the growth of weaker, sappy foliage that sags under its own weight and gives the impression that the hydrangea is wilting.
- However, a dense tree canopy with an abundance of leaves can intercept rainfall and prevent rain from reaching the soil, generating dryer conditions. Hydrangeas are woodland plants that grow well beneath trees.
Increase the amount of soil moisture available at the roots as the top priority if you want to salvage a wilting and dying hydrangea by making some changes to its environment to aid in its recovery.
- As often as necessary, water the hydrangea to keep the soil regularly and uniformly moist. If your hydrangea is wilting, water it with a hose to keep the soil moist so the roots can absorb moisture. How frequently you need to water hydrangeas depends on your climate, soil type, weather, and how mature they are.
- Always use a deep, liberal soak as opposed to a quick rinse. The hydrangea’s tolerance to drought is increased by watering since it thoroughly soaks the soil surrounding the roots, promotes them to grow deeper into the soil, and helps them establish properly.
- Mulch should be applied to the soil’s surface surrounding the hydrangea in a 2 inch depth. Mulch options that can retain moisture in the soil after irrigation include leaf mold, compost, and well-rotted manure. In order to keep the roots cool and lower soil evaporation, mulch on top of the soil also blocks the sun from directly beaming onto the soil around the hydrangea.
- You can move the hydrangea to a sheltered area if it is in a sunny or windy location, or you can build a shelter with other trees and shrubs. I advise moving the hydrangea to a more protected area if it is still young and not well-established in the soil (under the protection of a tree if possible).
- Alternatively, you can put a tall plant, like bamboo or a tree, next to your hydrangea to help screen it from direct sunlight and drying winds (hydrangea grow best in morning sun followed by afternoon shade or dappled light throughout the day).
- Reduce the amount of fertilizer you use while the hydrangea is wilting. Hydrangeas can droop from too much nitrogen, which can come from fertilizer sprayed to the plant or runoff from fertilizer used on the grass. Use a good set of pruners to remove any drooping growth brought on by fertilizer use since it is more prone to pests, disease, and frost damage.
I advise digging up the hydrangea temporarily and amending the soil with lots of organic matter (compost, leaf mold, or well-rotted manure) to mimic the hydrangea’s moist soil conditions in its native habitat if your garden soil is particularly sandy or stony and the plant is wilting and dying right after planting.
The greatest long-term solution to the issue of wilting hydrangeas may be to prepare the soil so that it retains more moisture.
The best time to replant a hydrangea is in the spring or fall when the weather is milder. Replanting during the hotter summer months might make the problem worse, and since the plant is dormant in the winter, doing so runs the danger of root rot.
Over the following weeks, the hydrangea can recover from its withering appearance with sufficient hydration around the roots and shelter from wind or sun.