We’ve known for a long time that many of our clients have had success producing peony in USDA zones 8 and 9. We recently reached out to several highly knowledgeable farmers in these regions of the country for some specific guidance on how to get peony to thrive there, but due to the extreme and unprecedented conditions encountered in some places of these zones in the last five years, we recently contacted them.
We would be delighted to hear from you if you have any other growing advise for peony in zones 8 or 9!
Are peonies too hot for Zone 9?
Long-lived, woody bushes called tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) can reach heights of 6 feet and a width of 4 feet. They flower earlier than any other variety of peony and have gigantic, up to 10-inch-wide blooms.
Tree peony need a period of winter dormancy, although the temperature should not go below freezing. Because of this, zones 4- to 9 are ideal for growing most tree peony cultivars. If you decide to include a tree peony in your garden or landscape, be careful where you place it. Tree peonies actually prefer growing in dappled shade, whilst all other varieties of peonies flower best in full sunlight.
Plant tree peonies with the crown of the plant (where the stem and roots connect) 4 to 6 inches to the ground. Snow Lotus, Pink Lotus, and Cup of Shining Night are examples of tree peony that have shown to be particularly heat tolerant.
Intersectional Peonies
Tree peony and herbaceous peonies are taller than intersectional peonies, commonly referred to as Itohs. Just after the other two, they begin to blossom. The flowers come in a variety of colors and are normally around 8 across. Compared to herbaceous hybrids, intersectional peonies are more tolerant of heat and humidity, and the majority will thrive in zones 4-9. Bartzella, Keiko, and White Emperor are a few examples.
Tips for Growing Peonies in the South
Look for microclimates where the soil stays cooler than usual while selecting a planting spot. It is best to have full morning sun and partial afternoon shade. Another approach to provide your peony with some shade from the afternoon sun is to plant it close to a big bush. Drip irrigation should be planned from late spring through early fall. After planting, add a layer or two of mulch to the soil to assist the soil retain moisture.
To ensure that your plants bloom before it gets too hot outside, use early-blooming peony cultivars when growing them in the south. Peonies with single or semi-double flowers typically perform better than doubles, according to gardeners in zones 8–9.
Herbaceous peonies should be planted even more shallowly in warm climates than they are in the north. The thick, tuberous roots, which are really simply modified stems, should be planted just half to one inch below the soil’s surface.
Herbaceous hybrids and intersectional peonies may require dormancy forcing in zone 9. Cut the plants back to the ground in November to accomplish this. The natural leaf fall that would take place in colder climates is mimicked by this.
In the south, it is generally accepted that if folks in your neighborhood can produce apples, you can definitely grow peonies as well. Remember that it typically takes fresh peony at least 3 years to put on a good floral display. You might also find the following articles to be of interest for general planting and care instructions:
In what climate zone do peony thrive?
Now that you are aware of the distinctions between the two primary Peonies, let’s approach your choice based solely on the available information.
Location & Climate: If you reside in the extreme south or north, temperature and humidity may have a significant impact on your choice of peony.
Garden peonies will thrive if you are in a northern region with a shorter, cooler growing season. Garden Peonies are especially popular in Zones 3 through 8, where they may require a little more care.
- A tip for getting them to behave perfectly if you live in the deep south is to select an early-blooming type that will go into flower before the summer heat arrives.
- In the same way, a late-blooming Garden Peony is likely to succeed better in zone 3’s northernmost regions, where temperatures will have warmed up enough for it to flourish during their peak bloom period.
Available Sunlight: Unlike Itohs, which love dappled light and can even take part-sun, Garden Peonies require full sunlight. As a general rule, your garden will be exposed to more sun and humidity the further south you live. You should give your peony more room in hotter, brighter climates so they may receive more air circulation and perhaps a little less sun than usual.
Can peony thrive in warm weather?
Slideshow of 20 stunning peonies
What’s fresh: Herbaceous and tree peonies are crossed to create itoh hybrids, also known as intersectional hybrids. They can reach a height of 3 1/2 feet, produce flowers in lavender, pink, copper, yellow, or cream, and bloom for a longer period of time than typical herbaceous varieties.
Since their stems are more thicker and more sturdy than those of herbaceous species, they are effective in supporting large cups of petals.
Where to grow: Peonies do best in cooler regions (Sunset zones 111; A1A3), where the winters are particularly chilly. However, some will thrive in warmer environments (see list below). Under zones 1420, all are worthwhile attempts in dappled shade. There, give the plants plenty of water and midday shade.
When to plant: In late April in warmer climates, plant container-grown plants; in May or June in colder climates. In 5-gallon containers, 3-year-old peony should blossom more.
Spring or fall, from containers used for nurseries: Place the plant in the ground with the top of its rootball level with the dirt after loosening the soil and adding copious amounts of compost, being careful not to disturb the plant’s delicate feeder roots. Or move it into a sizable (18 to 24-inch diameter) container that is deeper on the outside than the inside.
Plant herbaceous peony roots with eyes 2 inches deep in cold climates and 1 inch deep in warmer climates in the fall. In cold climates, itoh hybrids should be planted 3 inches deep; in warmer climates, 2 inches deep.
How to feed and water: Water frequently. When the first leaves emerge in the spring, fertilize with a low-nitrogen fertilizer (such 5-10-10) and then once more when the final flower has faded.
When to pick: Cut stems just as flower buds start to open to harvest blossoms for bouquets; leave at least three leaves on the plant to feed it for the following year. Blooms will keep for up to a week in vases. Although Itoh hybrids generate more flowers per stem as the plants become older, the majority of cultivars only produce one bloom per stem.
After flowering, prune down herbaceous and Itoh hybrid peonies in the fall; fresh growth will appear in the spring.
Grab a peony.
For cold climates, pick: There are three new Itoh hybrids—crosses between tree peony and herbaceous peonies—called “Bartzella,” “Pink Double Dandy,” and “Yellow Doodle Dandy.” Bartzella has unusually enormous, bright yellow blooms.
Four herbaceous favorites for cool or warm climates include “Blaze,” a vivid red single, “Festiva Maxima,” a white double with crimson flecks in the middle, “Sarah Bernhardt,” or “Sea Shell” (satiny pink single).
Shop: Purchase plants (itoh hybrids can cost up to $100 at nurseries, while ordinary herbaceous can cost $40), beginning in late April in warm climates and May in chilly ones. Plants that are three years old and are housed in five-gallon containers will reliably blossom.
Visit and purchase: The 200 or so varieties of herbaceous and tree peonies at Chateau CharMarron Peony Gardens (5335 Sierra Rd., San Jose; 408/251-7048) begin flowering in late March and last through June. Visit Adelman Peony Gardens next month (May 1–Jun 15; 5690 Brooklake Rd. N.E., Salem, OR; 503/393-6185) to see 300 varieties spread across 10 acres.
Is Zone 9 suitable for Itoh peonies?
Itoh peonies, which are hybrids of herbaceous and tree peonies, thrive in a variety of conditions and have magnificent foliage, enormous blooms, and a wide range of color options. In Zones 4–9, hardy.
If you delve deeper into the magnificent beauty of the Itoh peony, you’ll find an inspirational tale of tenacity. An Itoh peony is produced by crossing a typical garden peony (Paeonia lactiflora) with the eye-catching tree peony (Paenoia suffruticosa). For many years, plant breeders believed that because these two peony kinds have such dissimilar parents, a successful hybrid of them would not be possible.
Toichi Itoh, a Japanese plantsman, worked tirelessly to complete this cross. Itoh made this pursuit his life’s work and succeeded in 1948 by breeding the tree peony (Paeonia lactiflora ‘Kakoden’) with the herbaceous peony (Paenoia x lemoinei). 36 plants were born from the productive cross. Nine of those plants exhibited tree peony traits and were dubbed Itoh peonies or Itoh Hybrid peonies. Intersectional peonies and intersectional hybrids are occasionally mentioned. These plants are Itoh peony subspecies.
There were so few Itoh peonies available when they were originally made available to the public and presented to the nursery industry that the cost of one plant exceeded $1,000. The lengthy process of raising these plants to the point where they could produce divisions was reflected in the expensive price tag. The cost of Itoh peony has decreased to between $50 and $100 per plant thanks to the use of tissue culture techniques, which multiply them more quickly.
Because they produce flowers and foliage that resemble tree peonies on a plant that acts like a perennial, Itoh peonies are worth paying any price for. Each year, when the first frost hits, the plant dies back to the soil, and the next spring, fresh growth appears from the ground. This puts an end to concerns about a tree peony’s bloom buds on woody stems being damaged by a late spring frost.
When an Itoh peony’s flower buds open, they reveal big, tree peony-type blooms that are dinner-plate size and come in a variety of colors, including golds and yellows that are less common in herbaceous peony varieties. Despite the huge bloom heads, there is no need to anchor the plants because they have sturdy stems similar to those of a tree peony. A mature Itoh peony has a blooming season that can yield up to 50 blossoms.
The Itoh peony group achieves its optimum bloom time while the herbaceous peony group is completing. Itoh peonies often begin flowering when herbaceous peonies are in bloom. There is a strong, protracted floral display because many Itoh peony plants generate flowers from secondary buds that develop beneath the first flower. Three to four weeks are a luxuriously long flowering period for each Itoh peony plant.
In the garden, Itoh peony hybrids have strong resistance to powdery mildew, which afflicts herbaceous peonies, and botrytis blight, which frequently affects tree peonies. They are also deer-resistant. The Itoh peony group has blossoms that create excellent cut flowers, just like its peony progenitors. Itoh peony typically reach heights of 2 feet and a width of 3.5 feet.
What degree of heat can a peony endure?
While tree peonies and some early-blooming herbaceous and intersectional varieties do well in moderate areas, where they bloom from late April to early June, all peonies prefer lengthy, frigid winter temperatures. Festiva Maxima, a creamy white intersectional with pink undertones, and the rosy “Sarah Bernhardt” are two herbaceous early bloomers. “Bartzella,” a lemony yellow intersectional, will also fall dormant in climates where winter days are not frequently bitterly cold.
The majority of peony require prolonged winter chill, which is defined as periods of time when temperatures are between freezing and no higher than 45 degrees F. Most peony require 480 cool hours or more to achieve a suitable dormancy.
Herbaceous species of the three types of peony require the most hours of darkness. Herbaceous species are more likely to become dormant in mild climates if planted no deeper than 1 inch below the surface of the soil. There has to be considerably deeper planting of intersectional species and trees.
Do peony enjoy the sun’s heat?
I love peonies, but I live in a region where it could be too warm for them. Can I grow peonies in my area? is a common query. You can use the following suggestions to decide whether peonies are likely to thrive in your area.
Garden peonies prefer cold winter weather and need at least 30 days in a row with temperatures below freezing. It is not necessary for it to freeze and thaw because the objective is to maintain the roots’ chilly temperature. Before purchasing any kind of peony, think about whether you can feed your plants with enough cold weather during the dormant season so they can grow and blossom.
Choose peony kinds that bloom early in the season, before your late spring/early summer weather becomes too hot, if you live in zones 7 and 8. The description of each cultivar on this website specifies whether it blooms early, midseason, or late. Recognize that planting in zone 8 is a bit of an experiment because it indicates the edge of weather where peonies may successfully blossom. Peonies that bloom in the middle to end of the season may endure in warm climates, but they are not likely to reliably and prolifically blossom.
Your peony roots’ planting depth affects how many flowers you get. The “eyes” or tiny pink or red growth points should be planted 1 to 2 inches under the earth, with the deeper end of the spectrum being preferred in the coldest locations (zones 3-5). Zones 6 and 7 and even zone 8 gardeners who plant just 1″ or even 1/2″ deep will have the best results.
Site your peony in hot regions where they’ll get a little relief from the worst afternoon sun. The best setting is one with filtered late-day light.
Remember that peonies produce numerous large, typically heavy flowers when they are mature, wherever they are grown. (Which, I presume, is one of the reasons you adore them.) The thickly petalled double and semidouble blossom varieties have a propensity to collect rain or sprinkler water. Young plants can have ring or crisscross supports placed around them to allow shoots to grow through, stabilizing blossoming stems, and eventually blending in with the dense foliage. On the plus side, if your peonies droop in the rain, it gives you the perfect justification to cut them to your heart’s content, carry bunches to work, share them with friends, and arrange bouquets all over the house. That would be really terrible.
Do peonies prefer shade or the sun?
- Keep plants neat by deadheading and prune as needed (herbaceous only).
- When peonies become congested and produce fewer blooms, divide the plants.
- When the blossoms feel like soft marshmallows, cut the stems for bouquets. Water should contain Miracle-Gro for Fresh Cut Flowers.
When the peonies blossom, you can finally start to feel the arrival of summer. Around Memorial Day, when spring bulb flowers are starting to fade and summer blooms are beginning to emerge, these stunning perennials bloom profusely. Peonies are resistant to deer and rabbits, which is useful for gardeners who frequently experience issues with animals eating their plants. Peonies are frequently seen blooming despite years of neglect if you drive through old cemeteries or abandoned farmsteads. That is because to how simple peony are to grow!
How to Choose Peonies
Peonies come in four different varieties. They are forest peonies, tree peonies, herbaceous peonies, and intersectional peonies, in the order of blooming time. Herbaceous peonies, which thrive in zones 3–7, and tree peonies, which flourish in zones 3–9, are the two most popular varieties. Herbaceous plants often reach heights of two to three feet and spreads of two to four feet. With some types reaching heights of 7 feet, tree peony are more closely related to tiny shrubs. The type of peony you plant will depend on where you live and the style you’re going for because all peonies require similar maintenance. The focus of this paper will be on tree and herbaceous peony.
When to Plant Peonies
Fall is the ideal season to plant peonies. This is often when peonies purchased from a catalog will be delivered. It’s okay to plant peonies when you see them flowering and for sale in containers in the spring.
Where to Plant Peonies
Peonies require at least 6 to 8 hours of sunlight every day, though in zones 8 and 9, some shade from the sweltering afternoon sun is beneficial. Additionally, picking a location with sufficient air circulation is crucial to avoiding fungal illnesses.
How to Plant Peonies
In somewhat damp, well-drained soil, peonies thrive. Dig a hole, take the plant from the pot, and plant container-grown herbaceous peonies (the kind you buy in pots) so that the top of the root ball is level with the earth (any deeper and the peonies will not bloom). Fill up the area surrounding the plant by combining the discarded soil with an equal amount of Miracle-Gro Garden Soil for Flowers.
Before planting bare root herbaceous peonies, give them a brief dip in a basin of water to rehydrate them. Create a planting hole that is big enough to fit the roots, mix the soil as previously mentioned, and place a mound of the blended soil in the middle of the planting hole. Place the roots atop the mound and let them fan out and descend. Using the remaining blended soil, fill in the remaining portion of the hole, making sure that the “No more than 1 to 2 inches of soil should be present around the plant’s eyes (or growth buds) in order for it to bloom.
Deeper planting is required for tree peony. Unless they are grafted, peonies should be planted in the same soil combination as above, 2 to 4 inches deep at the crown (where the roots meet the stem). Check the label to see if the plant has been grafted, and then plant it such that the “The plant’s graft union, where the grafted top and rootstock are united, is located 4 to 6 inches below the soil line.
How to Stake Peonies
Peony stems are prone to toppling over after it rains, and the blossoms can become big and heavy. For herbaceous peonies, the best approach is to cover each plant in a peony cage in the spring, before the leaves begin to sprout (picture metal supports with rings for the flowers to grow up through). This is far more effective than attempting to hold each flower stalk separately, and it also looks nicer than wrapping the entire plant in string and cinching it in like a belt.
One stake can be used to stake tree peonies. Place the stake next to the stem in the ground, and then use a piece of twine to loosely secure the plant to the stake.
How to Water Peonies
When planting, give everything plenty of water. When the spring foliage begins to emerge and the flower buds start to show, give the plants another drink. Although peonies do not have a thirst, they will benefit from watering during dry spells for a year following the first planting.
How to Feed Peonies
Your peony will benefit from a powerful combination of care that includes excellent soil and the ideal plant food. Give peonies the nutrition they require by feeding them Miracle-Gro Shake ‘n Feed Rose & Bloom Plant Food in addition to the soil improvements indicated above for stunning color and more flowers than unfed plants. Peonies should be fed twice a year: the first time, right after they emerge in the spring (when the new shoots are 2 to 3 inches tall but before the flower buds are pea-sized), and the second time, in the middle of the growing season (about three months after the first feeding), to help them develop sturdy roots before the arrival of winter. Make sure you adhere to label instructions.
How to Help Prevent Problems with Peonies
Although mostly fuss-free, peonies occasionally experience fungal issues. Browning and failure to open flower buds are symptoms of botrytis. Brown patches on leaves are a symptom of some fungus illnesses. Infected blooms and leaves should be simply pruned off and disposed of (do not compost) in order to control these problems. Additionally, keep the plants neat, remove old foliage at the end of the season, and deadhead spent blooms. Peony blooms occasionally draw ants, but they won’t hurt the plants, so you can ignore them. (Contrary to popular belief, peonies do not require ants to blossom.)
How to Prune Peonies
Once all of the blooms on herbaceous peonies have faded, cut back each flower stalks to just above a leaf, low enough that the stem doesn’t stick out of the rest of the foliage. Unruly tree peony can be trimmed either in the spring or the fall (right before plants go dormant). However, any stems you trim back in the fall will not blossom the following spring (as you will be cutting off the flower buds). After blossoming in the spring, you can prune. Anytime you choose to prune, be careful not to take more than one-third of the plant with you.